全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48367篇 |
免费 | 6111篇 |
国内免费 | 3562篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 25040篇 |
晶体学 | 719篇 |
力学 | 8573篇 |
综合类 | 485篇 |
数学 | 5703篇 |
物理学 | 17520篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 381篇 |
2022年 | 716篇 |
2021年 | 1065篇 |
2020年 | 1385篇 |
2019年 | 1214篇 |
2018年 | 1284篇 |
2017年 | 1561篇 |
2016年 | 1876篇 |
2015年 | 1745篇 |
2014年 | 2091篇 |
2013年 | 4217篇 |
2012年 | 2808篇 |
2011年 | 2940篇 |
2010年 | 2339篇 |
2009年 | 2679篇 |
2008年 | 2730篇 |
2007年 | 2763篇 |
2006年 | 2623篇 |
2005年 | 2250篇 |
2004年 | 2227篇 |
2003年 | 1982篇 |
2002年 | 1922篇 |
2001年 | 1438篇 |
2000年 | 1466篇 |
1999年 | 1292篇 |
1998年 | 1159篇 |
1997年 | 1077篇 |
1996年 | 823篇 |
1995年 | 925篇 |
1994年 | 725篇 |
1993年 | 640篇 |
1992年 | 606篇 |
1991年 | 448篇 |
1990年 | 434篇 |
1989年 | 346篇 |
1988年 | 339篇 |
1987年 | 248篇 |
1986年 | 225篇 |
1985年 | 216篇 |
1984年 | 209篇 |
1983年 | 95篇 |
1982年 | 166篇 |
1981年 | 76篇 |
1980年 | 58篇 |
1979年 | 60篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献
102.
103.
Resistivity-temperature characteristics of sol gel YBa2Cu3Oy samples synthesized in flowing oxygen atmosphere 下载免费PDF全文
The relationship of resistivity versus synthesizing temperature of sol gel YBa_2Cu_3O_y samples was studied when prepared under flowing oxygen conditions. A set of high-temperature ρ-T curves was obtained for the whole process. After the sample finished the test measuring, its resistivity was ρ_{300}=9.83×10^{-3 }Ω·cm at room temperature. The ρ-T curve also showed that the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transformation of sol-gel YBa_2Cu_3O_y sample occurred at 581℃ for the sample in the rising temperature process, but at 613℃ in the cooling process, lower than that of the samples made by using the conventional powder metallurgy methods. 相似文献
104.
毛细管气相色谱法测定中药中有机氯农药残留量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立了江西省两种中药中有机氯农药残留量的气相色谱分析方法。样品以丙酮提取,在NaCl存在下,以正已烷进行液—液分配,提取液用H2SO4净化,采用DB—1701毛细管柱,GC—ECD检测有机氯农药残留量。最低检测限为1.0×10-3-5.0×10-3mg/kg,添加回收率为85.7%-115.2%,应用于实际样品中有机氯农药残留量的检测,获得了较为满意结果。 相似文献
105.
热致型胆甾酯液晶的相变研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
使用偏光显微镜观察胆甾烯壬酸酯液晶的相变,发现在不同的温度变化条件下液晶相变过程是不同的.本文讨论了其变化规律. 相似文献
106.
In this paper, we study quantum teleportation of atomic states via a hybrid entangled state (HES) involving an atom and a cavity field. And we investigate how to implement controlled phase (CP) gates between atomic internal Finally, a brief discussion about the feasibility of this scheme in experiment is presented. 相似文献
107.
Xinjiang Chen Goh Matsuo Bunsho Ohtani Kaoru Tsujii 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(21):4891-4900
A racemic amphiphilic monomer, n‐dodecyl glyceryl itaconate (DGI), forms bilayer membranes in water in the presence of small amount of ionic cosurfactant and shows iridescent color. A chiral DGI, S‐DGI, also shows an iridescent property, but with a rather red shift in the color, which can be ascribed to the increased packing density of the monomer in the bilayer membranes. Chrial DGI has a more compact packing density than racemic one owing to closer distance between the monomer molecules; the conversion rate, however, is slower than that of racemic one when H2O2 is used as an initiator. When the initiator is changed to an amphiphilic one, 4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐propyl) ketone (Irgacure 2959), the chiral DGI shows even a little faster conversion rate than that of racemic one. The NMR chemical shift results of protons in benzene ring show that the molecules of Irgacure 2959 insert into the bilayer membranes. The molecular weights of the corresponding polymers prove that the initiation by H2O2 is restricted compared to that by Irgacure 2959. It is concluded that the decelerated polymerization behavior of chiral DGI initiated by H2O2 is a result of limited diffusion of the initiator into the lamellar bilayer structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4891–4900, 2007 相似文献
108.
Ana Luísa Daniel‐da‐Silva João Carlos Moura Bordado José Miguel Martín‐Martínez 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(22):3034-3045
The degree of phase separation in several moisture‐cured poly(urethane urea)s (PUUs) was studied by FTIR spectroscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). This latter technique was shown to be particularly useful in analysing the degree of phase separation in PUU polymers. Both phase mixing and phase segregation coexisted in the PUUs and the degree of phase separation increased as the urea hard segment (HS) content in the PUU increased. The maximum solubility of urea HSs into the polyol soft segments (SSs) was achieved for 50 wt % urea HS content in diol‐based PUUs, whereas for triol‐based PUUs the highest solubility between HS and SS was reached for lower urea HS amount. Finally, the higher the urea HS content the higher the extent of phase separation in the PUU. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3034–3045, 2007 相似文献
109.
In this note we show that all diffeomorphisms close enough to the time-one map of the frame flow on certain negatively curved manifolds are ergodic. As a simple corollary we deduce that the frame flows are ergodic for all compact manifolds with curvature pinched sufficiently close to –1, thus providing results in the case of manifolds of dimension 7 or 8 which were missing from the results of Brin and Karcher. 相似文献
110.
Chin-Tsang Chiang Mei-Cheng Wang 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》2004,56(1):87-100
This paper proposes kernel estimation of the occurrence rate function for recurrent event data with informative censoring.
An informative censoring model is considered with assumptions made on the joint distribution of the recurrent event process
and the censoring time without modeling the censoring distribution. Under the validity of the informative censoring model,
we also show that an estimator based on the assumption of independent censoring becomes inappropriate and is generally asymptotically
biased. To investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator, the explicit form of its asymptotic mean squared
risk and the asymptotic normality are derived. Meanwhile, the empirical consistent smoothing estimator for the variance function
of the estimator is suggested. The performance of the estimators are also studied through Monte Carlo simulations. An epidemiological
example of intravenous drug user data is used to show the influence of informative censoring in the estimation of the occurrence
rate functions for inpatient cares over time. 相似文献